miRNA在卵巢癌中的研究进展

Research progress of miRNA in ovarian cancer

卵巢癌是导致女性死亡的最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,其早期诊断和预防十分复杂。因此,用于疾病预测和预后的生物标志物对于早期诊断和个体化治疗均是迫切需要的。miRNA是一种短链、高度保守的非编码RNA分子,主要通过在转录后水平上降解或抑制靶基因从而调控细胞生长、增殖、分化、代谢和凋亡。有研究结果已证实miRNA可作为潜在的临床诊断和治疗癌症的生物标记物;同时,与肿瘤相关的miRNA通过调控多种癌基因和抑癌基因的表达,在卵巢癌的发生、侵袭和转移过程中发挥着重要作用。探讨了miRNA作为卵巢癌早期预防或检测、预后的诊断和治疗靶点的生物标志物的作用,对miRNA在卵巢癌患者中未来的临床应用提出了展望。

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies leading to female deaths,and its early diagnosis and prevention are very complicated.Therefore,biomarkers for this disease prediction and prognosis are urgently needed for early diagnosis and individualized treatment.miRNAs are short-chain,highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that mainly degrade or inhibit target genes at the post-transcriptional level to regulate cell growth,proliferation,differentiation,metabolism,and apoptosis.Existing studies have confirmed that miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer.Moreover,tumor-related miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence,invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer by regulating the expression of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.In this paper,the roles of miRNAs as biomarkers for early prevention or detection of ovarian cancer,prognostic diagnosis and treatment targets were reviewed,and the future clinical application of miRNA in patients with ovarian cancer was proposed.