HIV-1潜伏感染的细胞模型

Cell models of HIV-1 latency

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiency virus type 1,HIV-1)感染导致艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS),严重危害人类健康.抗逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy,ART)可高效抑制HIV-1复制,但无法治愈艾滋病,主要原因是HIV-1可在机体建立潜伏感染,形成稳定的病毒储存库.这些含有沉默的整合病毒的储存库细胞在ART治疗的个体中频率极低,人们难以对其直接分离而进行研究.因此,为研究HIV-1潜伏感染的机制及靶向治疗病毒储存库的方法,建立HIV-1潜伏感染的细胞模型非常重要.本文总结概述了多种常用的HIV-1潜伏感染的细胞模型及其应用,并分析了这些模型各自的优点和局限性,可为进一步深入研究HIV-1潜伏感染和艾滋病功能性治愈提供有效的工具参考和理论依据.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1,(HIV-1)infection leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),which seriously harms human health.Antiretroviral therapy(ART)can effectively suppress HIV-1 replication but cannot cure AIDS,mainly because HIV-1 establishes latent infection and forms a stable viral latent reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals.These latently infected cells with silent integrated proviruses are extremely rare in ART-treated individuals;therefore it is difficult to isolate them directly for research.In order to study the mechanism of latent HIV-1 infection and strategies targeting the viral reservoirs,it is critical to generate cell models for HIV-1 latent infection.Here we review a variety of classical in vitro HIV-1 latency models and their applications,and analyze the advantages and limitations of these models.This review provides an effective reference and theoretical basis for further in-depth study of HIV-1 latency and AIDS functional cure.