考虑维修难易度的动车组预防性维护策略

Preventive Maintenance Strategy for EMU Considering the Maintenance Difficulty

为探讨不同部件间维修难易度差异对维护成本与维护模型的影响,以动车组列车四级修时需更换的机械系统为研究对象,基于威布尔分布描述部件的衰退规律,结合现行定周期多级非完美维护体系,建立两级非完美机制下的多部件预防性维护模型.根据修复效果将维护等级分为高级与初级,基于效费比判决部件维修等级.引入层次分析法量化系统各部件的维修难易度,并以成本形式表述量化结果,研究对维护计划的影响.分析表明,考虑维修难易度的模型能合理优化维护周期与降低维护成本.通过对维修难易度因子的敏感性分析,得出制定策略应着重关注维修难易度较高部件的结论.

In order to explore the effects of maintenance difficulty degree among different components on maintenance cost and maintenance model,a mechanical system replaced in the 4-class repair of EMU(electric multiple unit)was selected as an objective.The decay law of component is described based on Weibull distribution.Combined with the current fixed period multi-level imperfect maintenance rule,a multi-component preventive maintenance model under bi-level imperfect mechanism was established.Maintenance methods are divided into senior and junior according to the different repair effects,and the maintenance methods of components is determined by cost-effectiveness analysis.The AHP(analytic hierarchy process)is introduced to weight the factors affecting the maintenance difficulty of each component of system,and the quantified results are expressed in the form of cost to study the impact on the maintenance strategy.The analysis shows that the model considering the difficulty of maintenance can optimize the maintenance cycle and reduce the maintenance cost.Based on the sensitivity analysis of the maintenance difficulty factor,it is concluded that the strategy should focus on the parts with high maintenance difficulty.