术语规定论与术语描写论的命名观对比研究

A Contrastive Study of the Naming Views between Prescriptive Terminology and Descriptive Terminology

术语学的基本任务包括术语的命名、管理、翻译、教学和术语库建设等。基于不同的认知模式,现代术语学衍生出术语规定论与术语描写论。通过对比规定论与描写论,发现二者在命名理念上分歧明显,如指称关系上的单义性与多面性、理据路径上的透义性与转喻性、符号应用上的稳定性与变动性。研究认为,规定论与描写论的命名观各有侧重,但在行为上互为补充。辨清二者的命名观,明确行为上的互补态,有助于把握命名及其评价的尺度。

Terminology is about naming,managing,translating,and teaching the terms in a specialized field,and what follows is about the construction of terminology bank.Due to the cognitive shift,modern terminology witnesses the departure between prescriptive theory and descriptive theory.By contrasting the two theories,we found that there lies the gap of naming ideas involved,such as univocity or multidimensionality when it comes to designation,clarity or metonymicness to motivation,and consistency or variability to performance.We think that the two naming views supplement each other in terminological practice although endowed with different emphasis in theory.