司法机关调取互联网企业数据之利益衡量与类型化路径

The Interest Measurement and Typological Path of the Judicial Authorities’ Access to the Data of Internet Enterprises

司法机关调取互联网企业数据面临安全保障与信息保护、企业利益与社会责任、制度不健全与风险不确定之间的冲突困境。为此,应当妥善平衡国家利益、公共利益和企业利益、个人利益,以最小的损害实现调取行为之目的。鉴于调取行为的多元性和复杂性,可以按照调取情形的紧迫程度、危险程度以及调取行为侵犯个人权利程度等指标,建立互联网企业响应等级体系,根据不同响应等级制定分类处理规则。原则上响应等级越高,调取程序越简化,数据范围弹性越大。在涉及重大生命安全和重大财产损失的紧急状态下,应当建立快速调取的程序。为了规范调取数据行为,还应当建立健全相应的配套机制。

The judicial authorities are faced with the conflict dilemma between security and information protection, corporate interests and social responsibility, imperfect system and uncertain risk. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the interests of the state, the public, the enterprise and the individual, so as to achieve the purpose of the access behavior with the minimum damage. In view of the diversity and complexity of the access behavior, we can establish the response level system of Internet enterprises according to the urgency and danger of the situation and the degree of infringement of personal rights by the access behavior, and formulate classification rules according to different response levels. In principle, the higher the response level is, the simpler the calling procedure is and the greater the flexibility of data range is. In case of emergency involving major life safety and major property losses, a rapid procedure shall be established. In order to regulate the behavior of data access, we should establish and improve the supporting mechanism.