卡介苗疫苗对新型冠状病毒感染预防作用的可能机制研究进展

Progress in possible effects of BCG vaccine on the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection:An update

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫苗的研发工作正在全球范围内开展。虽然疫苗的研发技术大有进步,但由于疫苗的抗体依赖性增强作用(ADE)及病毒发生突变等原因、要在短期内获得可以控制全球疫情流行且安全有效的疫苗的可能性仍旧较低。在无法对COVID-19进行特异性治疗的情况下,寻找其他可代替的保护方案成为了另一种治疗思路。流行病学研究发现,在本次COVID-19疫情中,有长期接种卡介苗(BCG)政策的国家比起没有相关政策的国家病例数和死亡率相对较低。这一现象可能与卡介苗的"训练免疫"作用有关。为了进一步明确BCG对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染的预防保护作用,多项临床试验正在开展。

The research and development of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine is being carried out globally.Although vaccine research and development technology has made great progress,the possibility of obtaining a safe and effective vaccine that can control the global epidemic in a short period of time is still low due to the antibody-dependent enhancement effect(ADE)of the vaccine and the mutation of the virus.In the absence of specific treatment for COVID-19,finding other alternative protection schemes has become another treatment idea.Epidemiological studies have found that,in this COVID-19 epidemic,countries with long-term Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)vaccination policies have relatively less cases and lower mortality rates than countries without relevant policies.This phenomenon may be related to the"training immunity"effect of BCG.In order to further clarify the preventive and protective effects of BCG vaccine on SARS-CoV-2 infection,a number of clinical trials are underway.