2019年福州市工作场所职业病危害因素监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of occupational hazards in workplaces of Fuzhou City in 2019

目的了解福州市工作场所职业病危害因素的分布情况和危害程度,为福州市职业卫生和职业病防治工作提供数据支持。方法依据《福州市2019年工作场所职业病危害因素监测工作方案》,对383家企业监测数据进行分析。结果 2019年共对383家企业职业危害因素中的粉尘、化学因素和物理因素进行监测,总合格率为90.26%,其中物理因素的合格率最低(82.88%),化学因素最高(99.71%),三者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=668.26,P<0.01)。按照行业划分,石材加工行业检测合格率最低,为59.52%。生产性粉尘检测,矽尘检测的合格率最低,为76.06%。职业健康检查率和复查完成率都不高,其中物理因素健康检查率最低(45.35%),而检查异常率最高(2.59%)。结论 2019年福州市职业病危害因素监测总体现状和工作人员职业健康检查情况不容乐观,应进一步落实用人单位主体责任,加大职业卫生监管执法力度,重点加强中小企业、重点行业(如石材加工行业、水泥制造业等)、重点职业病危害因素(如矽尘、水泥粉尘、噪声等)的监管,同时开展宣传教育和健康促进,提高企业员工的健康检查和异常检查复查率,从而预防职业病的发生。

Objective To understand the distribution and degree of occupational hazards in workplaces of Fuzhou City, provide data support for the work of occupational health and prevention and control of occupational diseases in the city. Methods According to the Work plan for monitoring of occupational hazards in workplaces in Fuzhou City in 2019, the monitoring data of383 enterprises were analyzed. Results In 2019, the dust, chemical factors and physical factors in 383 enterprises were monitored,and the total qualified rate was 90.26%, of which the qualified rate of physical factors was the lowest(82.88%) and that of chemical factors was the highest(99.71%), and the difference was statistically significant among them (χ^2=668.26,P<0.01). According to the industry classification, the stone processing industry had the lowest qualified rate,which was 59.52%.In the detection of productive dust, the qualified rate of silicon dust was the lowest at 76.06%. Both of occupational health examination rate and re-examination completion rate were low. Among them, the health examination rate of physical factors was the lowest(45.35%), and abnormal rate of health examination was the highest(2.59%). Conclusion The overall status of occupational hazards monitoring and occupational health examination of workers in Fuzhou City in 2019 is not optimistic. It is necessary to further implement the main responsibility of the employers, strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of occupational health, focus on strengthening the supervision of small and medium-sized enterprises, key industries such as stone processing carry out the education and health promotion to improve the occupational health examination rate and re-examination rate among employees, in order to prevent occupational diseases.