论刑案材料缺失与证据筛选之关系

On the Relationship between the Lack of Criminal Case Materials and the It’s Evidence Screening

在刑事司法活动中,筛选证据有其必要性,但也存在选错证据、缺失材料的风险性。在许多罪案侦查中,都存在缺失案件材料的状况,也有筛选证据的紧迫性。筛选案件材料,有其法律标准,如犯罪构成要件法律标准、定罪量刑的证据标准、证据体系逻辑标准等。而其标准的尺度,都有一定的经验性误差。刑案材料的筛选,与侦办方向的确定密切相关。在证据材料筛选中,案件材料的判断关系着案侦方向的选择。而缺失的材料中,就存在选择性风险。在控辩双方的证据选择中,都存在着这种风险。刑案材料的缺失,有法律构成要件缺失、相关证据事实缺失等,除客观条件外,它们都有人为因素。考察缺失证据材料的典型案件,提出减少人为证据缺失的一般性制约方法。

In criminal justice activities,screening of evidence is necessary,but there is also the risk of selecting wrong evidence and missing materials.Many crime investigations have missing case materials,and there is also an urgency to screen evidence.There are legal standards for screening case materials,such as the legal standards for the crime elements,the evidence standards for conviction and sentencing,and the logic standards for the evidence system,the standard scale has certain empirical errors.The selection of criminal case materials is closely related to the determination of the direction of investigation,the judgment of case materials is related to the direction of investigation,and there is a risk of selectivity in missing materials.There is such a risk in the choice of evidence between the prosecution and defense.The lack of criminal case materials,legal constitutional elements,relevant evidence facts,etc.are due to objective conditions and human factors.Examine the typical cases of missing evidence materials,and propose general restrictive methods to reduce the lack of human evidence.