侵犯患者信息犯罪司法适用问题研究

Research on the Judicial Application of the Crime of Infringing on Patient Information

在信息大爆炸时代,患者信息一旦遭受不法侵犯,对国家、社会乃至患者本人必将产生较大负面影响。保护患者信息的重要性比之公民个人信息保护尤甚。在惩处侵犯患者信息犯罪时,理应与侵犯公民个人信息犯罪有所区分。在保护方式上,保护患者信息可从预防和惩治侵犯患者信息犯罪介入。在解决方案中,合理化解此类犯罪司法适用中的相关问题可以达到此目的。当前,此类犯罪的司法适用问题主要体现在行为方式的司法认定、情节犯的司法认定和行为主体量刑争议的解决等方面。需要明确“出售”“提供”“窃取”和“以其他方法非法获取”患者信息等行为方式的认定界限,并促使“非法利用”患者信息行为方式得到认定,以此更好地保护患者信息;该类犯罪情节犯的司法认定应当摒弃单一认定标准,通过采纳多元化标准科学合理地认定量刑情节;对于侵犯患者信息的各行为主体均应予以从重处罚,而非仅针对医疗内部人员和相关单位予以从重处罚。

In the information age,if patient information is illegally infringed,it will have a greater negative impact on the country,society and even the patient himself.The importance of protecting patient information is particularly important.When punishing the crime of infringing on patient information,it should be distinguished from the crime of infringing on citizens'personal information.In terms of protection methods,the protection of patient information can be involved in preventing and punishing crimes infringing on patient information;in the solution,it is possible to achieve this goal by rationally resolving related problems in the judicial application of such crimes.At present,the judicial application of such crimes is mainly embodied in the judicial identification of behavior patterns,the judicial identification of circumstantial offenders,and the settlement of disputes over the sentencing of actors.lt is necessary to clarify the identification boundaries of“sale”,“provide”,“stealing”and“illegal acquisition of patient information by other methods”,and promote the identification of“illegal use”of patient information in order to better protect patient information;The judicial identification of criminals of this type of crime should abandon the single identification standard,and adopt multiple standards to scientifically and reasonably identify the sentencing circumstances;severe punishment should be imposed on all actors who infringe on patient information,not just medical personnel and ralated mechanism.