论反恐刑法扩张化适用的基础与风险

On the Basis and Risks of the Expanded Application of Anti-terrorism Criminal Law

我国反恐法规范体系由《反恐怖主义法》与经过《刑法修正案(九)》修改后的涉恐犯罪相关刑法规定所组成。其中,"准备犯正犯化""帮助犯正犯化"等刑法规范前置的做法完全体现了反恐立法的扩张性刑事治理模式。反恐刑法的扩张性范围与程度均超出其他传统犯罪类型的刑法规制范围,这种扩张化的刑法适用模式具有双刃性。严罚主义与"敌人刑法"理论、风险刑法与风险社会理论、自由与安全的价值抉择,三方面理论层层递进,诠释了反恐刑法扩张适用之正当性。然而刑法扩张适用应当具有一定限度,否则会衍生出一系列风险与弊端。不应仅以简单扩张刑法范围、延伸刑罚打击为主要反恐手段,而应以社会多维视角制定全面科学的反恐策略才是反恐的有效途径。

China’s anti-terrorism law system is composed of the"Anti-Terrorism Law"and the"Criminal Law Amendment(9)"related to terrorism,the preposition of criminal law norms such as"preparatory criminalization"and"crime of helping criminals"reflects the expansionary criminal governance model of anti-terrorism legislation.The scope and extent of the expansion of the anti-terrorism criminal law is beyond the scope of other traditional criminal laws and regulations,this criminal law application model has both sides.The punishment doctrine with the"enemy criminal law"theory,the risk criminal lawand risk society theory,the value choice of freedom and security,three theories are progressively advanced,explaining the legitimacy of the expansion of the anti-terrorism criminal law.However,this should have a certain limit,otherwise a series of risks and disadvantages will be derived.Instead of simply expanding the scope of criminal law and extending penalties as the main counter-terrorism method,we should formulate a comprehensive and scientific counter-terrorism strategy from a multi-dimensional perspective of society.