南京市三所综合大学新生自杀观念及其影响因素

Research on the suicidal ideation and its influencing factors in freshmen of the three comprehensive university in Nanjing

目的 了解南京3所公立综合类大学大一新生自杀观念的发生率及其影响因素.方法 对南京市3所公立综合类大学8811名大一新生发放问卷,包括一般资料(年龄、性别、父母离异、精神病既往史、自杀既往史等)、艾森克人格量表神经质维度(EPQ-N)、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)的主观支持及支持利用度部分、贝克抑郁量表(BDI),通过Logistics回归模型分析自杀观念的影响因素.结果 8811名大一新生中,收回有效问卷8770份,有效回收率99.5%.其中无自杀观念7754人(88.4%),有自杀观念1016人(11.6%).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低龄(OR=0.913,95%CI:0.876~0.952)、女性(OR=1.296,95%CI 1.093~1.535)、父母离异(OR=1.366,95%CI:1.034~1.804)、精神病既往史(OR=1.957,95%CI:1.445~2.652)、自杀既往史(OR=4.827,95%CI:3.195~7.293)、抑郁(OR=3.982,95%CI:3.384~4.685)、神经质评分高(OR=1.172,95%CI:1.142~1.202)、SSRS主观社会支持及社会支持利用程度低(OR=0.936,95%CI:0.916~0.955)、负性生活事件多(ALSEC评分高,OR=1.020,95%CI:1.013~1.027)是自杀观念的独立危险因素(均P<0.05).结论 大一新生自杀观念发生率较高,其影响因素较多样且复杂,应从个体人口学特征、家庭、心理特质、社会等多角度预防、干预大一学生自杀观念.

Objective To investigate the incidence of suicidal ideation and its influencing factors among freshmen of the three public comprehensive university in Nanjing.Methods Questionnaires were given to 8811 freshmen of the three public comprehensive university in Nanjing,including general information(age,gender,parental divorce,previous history of psychosis,suicide history,etc.),Neuroticism component of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ-N),Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist(ASLEC),subjective support and social support availability component of Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI).Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of suicidal ideation.Results Among the 8811 freshmen,8770 valid questionnaires were collected,among which 7754(88.4%)had no suicidal thoughts and 1016(11.6%)had suicidal thoughts.Multivariate logistic regression results showed that young age(OR=0.913,95%CI:0.876-0.952),female(OR=1.296,95%CI:1.093-1.535),parental divorce(OR=1.366,95%CI:1.034-1.804),previous history of mental illness(OR=1.957,95%CI:1.445-2.652),previous suicide history(OR=4.827,95%CI:3.195-7.293),depression(OR=3.982,95%CI:3.384-4.685),high neuroticism score(OR=1.172,95%CI:1.142-1.202),low levels of SSRS subjective social support and the utilization of social support(OR=0.936,95%CI:0.916-0.955),more negative life events(high ASLEC score,OR=1.020,95%CI:1.013-1.027)were independent risk factors of suicidal ideation(all P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of suicidal ideation among freshmen is high,and the influencing factors are diverse and complex.Therefore,it is necessary to prevent and intervene the suicidal ideation of freshmen from multiple perspectives,such as individual demographic characteristics,family,psychological characteristics and society.