基于stackelberg博弈的虚拟电厂能源共享机制

Virtual Power Plant Energy Sharing Mechanism Based on Stackelberg Game

共享经济与电力行业的融合对推动电力市场的发展和电力形态的演变具有积极意义。随着电力市场的开放和新技术的不断推动,分布式资源发展迅速,用户角色发生转变,供需互动更加频繁,以虚拟电厂为代表的新型市场主体在新形势下具有更强的适应能力。通过构建以产消者和云储能(cloud energy storage,CES)为主的虚拟电厂主体,并基于stackelberg博弈理论设计能源共享运营机制,分析供需互动过程,建立以虚拟电厂运营商为领导者,产消者为跟随者的非合作博弈模型。在该模型框架中,上层领导者以利润最大化为目标,下层跟随者追求效用与成本的平衡,利用分布式算法求得使上述模型达到均衡的最优解。最后根据结果分析各方的动态博弈关系,为虚拟电厂的运营和能源共享经济与电力系统的融合提供参考。

Integrating the sharing economy with the power industry can positively promote the power market development and the power pattern evolution. With the opening up of the power market and the continuous promotion of new technologies, the distributed resources have been developing rapidly, the customer roles are changing, the supply and the demand interact more frequently, and the new market body, represented by the virtual power plants, has got a stronger ability to adapt in the new situation. This paper constructs the virtual power plant main body primarily with the prosumer and cloud energy storage. Meanwhile, based on the stackelberg game, the energy sharing operation mechanism is designed to analyze the supply-demand interaction. Then a non-cooperative game model is established with the virtual power plant operator as the leader and the prosumer as the follower. In the framework of this model, the upper-level leaders aim to maximize the profits, while the lower-level followers pursue the balance between the utility and the cost. A distributed algorithm is used to find the optimal solution that reaches equilibrium. Finally, the dynamic game relationship between the parties is analyzed according to the results, which provides a reference for the operation of virtual power plants and the integration of energy sharing economy with power system.