基于免疫机制的广域阻尼控制器设计

Design of Wide-area Damping Controller Based on Immune System

由于电力系统结构复杂并且运行方式多变,传统方法设计的固定参数电力系统稳定器(power system stabilizer,PSS)难以满足在电网各运行方式下的阻尼控制效果,甚至恶化阻尼性能。为此提出了基于人工免疫系统理论设计广域阻尼控制器的新方法。首先建立电力系统开环控制模型,利用基于留数的控制方法选取广域控制回路;其次借鉴免疫响应机理,构建包含先天性免疫和自适应性免疫的广域阻尼控制器,实现动态调节励磁输出以适应未知的故障和扰动;最后基于时间积分和绝对误差准则,构建反映系统动态响应特性的优化目标函数及相应优化控制模型,采用改进型烟花算法对免疫控制器相关参数优化求解。两区四机系统仿真验证结果表明,与传统广域PSS相比,利用所提方法设计的人工免疫广域阻尼控制器对区间振荡有显著抑制效果,且增强系统的抗干扰能力以及动态稳定性能。

Due to the complex structure of the power system and its changing operation modes, it is difficult for the parameter Power System Stabilizer designed in traditional methods to meet the damping control effects and even worsen the damping performance in various operation modes of the power grid. Therefore, a new method for designing a wide-area damping controller based on the artificial immune system theory is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an open-loop control model of the power system is established, and a wide-area control loop is selected using a residue-based control method. Secondly, a wide-area damping controller with both the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity is built on the basis of the immune response mechanism to dynamically adjust the excitation output in order to adapt to unknown faults and disturbances. Finally, based on the ITAE criterion and the Improved Fireworks Algorithm, an optimized objective function and corresponding optimized control model reflecting the dynamic response characteristics of the system is constructed. The two-zone four-machine system verification shows that compared with the traditional wide-area PSS, the artificial immune wide-area damping controller has a significant suppression effect on the interval oscillation and enhances the anti-interference ability and dynamic stability of the system.