田园城市vs.带形城市:两种西方现代规划思想之并峙与融会

Garden City vs.Linear City:Competitions and Amalgamation of Western City Planning during Its Initial Stage

田园城市和带形城市是现代西方城市规划学科初起时期的两种重要规划思想,并各自催生出饱含理想主义精神的规划运动,对城市规划和现代主义建筑的发展起到关键作用。它们均试图解决工业化对城市带来的各种问题,但它们对城市发展方式、空间结构、管理方式、社会改良方向等内容有不同的思考,其方案因各有侧重而迥然不同。但随着规划学科的发展成熟,二者相互汲取对方的长处,在第一次世界大战后逐渐呈融会之势,并催生了功能主义城市规划。系统梳理两种思想最初包含的内容、其发展演进及相关人物的具体观点和规划活动,比较其异同与相互融会的过程,有利加深认识西方城市规划学科的发展脉络。

Garden City and Linear City are two pivotal thoughts in Western planning history,especially for in its initial period,which inspired respective planning movement on a global scale,contributing to the formation and development of the planning discipline.They both aimed to settle urban problems caused by industrialization,however,the schemes were quite distinct due to different departures in terms of urban growth pattern,spatial structure,management pattern,social reform plan,etc.In the 1920s,however,the two thoughts came to merge with each other,on which basis modernist or functionalist planning was born.For the time being,the number of research on Garden City has been increasing,but large vacancies are left concerning Linear City,especially for a comparative study of the two thoughts.This paper intends to reiterate the formation and development of the two thoughts and related planners,and investigate how they varied from the original ideas,to compare how they differed from each other and how they amalgamated to enrich the planning ideas and tools.