改良·预托·“自给”:近代日本“满蒙羊毛”策略研究

Improvement,Fostered &"Self-Sufficiency":on the Strategy of"Manchukuo-Mongolian Wool"in Modern Japan

羊毛是制作军用被服、毛巾等衣物的上等原料,日本将其与铁、煤炭并称为“三大战略资源”。但经过多轮发展,其羊毛业依然无法自给。我国东北羊毛资源,则久为日人所觊觎,一战后遂成为其“羊毛自给”的基础。1930年前绵羊数量250-360万只。伪满时期,日伪对绵羊业的投入超过其他畜产物,1943年数量逆势上升达到410万只。但东北羊毛本身存在缺陷,故在饲养的同时,着重对东北绵羊进行了改良。在具体执行“羊毛自给”方面,“满蒙毛织会社”充当了重要角色。其在羊毛输出及输入方面,使东北与日本实现“一体化”,而且还切断与我国关内的联系。

Wool is the first-class raw material for making military clothing,towel and otherclothing.Japan calls it“three strategic resources”together with iron and coal.However,after several rounds of development,its wool industry is still unable to achieve self-sufficiency.The wool resources in Northeast China have long been coveted by Japanese.After thefirst World War,it became the basis of“wool self-sufficiency”.Before 1930,there were2.53.6 million sheep.During the period of Manchukuo,the Japanese invested more in sheepindustry than other livestock products.In 1943,the number of sheep increased to 4.1 mil-lion.But its wool was defective,so the sheep were improved at the same time.Carrying outthe policy of wool self-sufficiency,the"Manchukuo and Mongolian Woolens Corporation"was established.In terms of wool export and import.,Northeast China and Japan realized“integration”,and also cut off the contact inside Shanhaiguan Pass.