中国碳市场的目标遵循、根本属性与实现逻辑

Goal Compliances,Fundamental Attributes and Construction Logics of China’s Carbon Market

碳市场建立起了减排时间、减排地方、减排方式和减排主体的四维灵活机制,越来越受到经济学家和政策制定者的欢迎。全球外部性、跨代外部性和气候风险不确定性,使得气候变化的成本与收益可能发生在不同的时间、不同的区域或者不同的微观主体,也使得碳市场建设面临严峻的挑战。作为由政策或者法律创造的市场,碳市场的核心功能是价格发现,因此需要遵从政府和市场"双失灵"干预、政府主导地位、有效成本约束和动态有效性等核心目标,全面审视其需求和供给属性以及价格调控机制。同时,碳市场建设也应该在实现其底层的功能的基础上,充分发挥其在产业结构调整和生态补偿、生态扶贫等方面的外延功能。

The carbon market establishes a flexible mechanism in emission mitigation with fourdimensions including time,location,technology and subject,which is becoming more popular among economists and policy makers.Global externalities,intergenerational externalities,and climate risk uncertainties make the costs and benefits of climate change likely occur at different times and sites with different micro-subjects,which brings severe challenges to the carbon market construction.The core function of the carbon market is price discovery since carbon market is created by government-mandatory policies or laws as policy instrument.It needs to follow the core goals including intervening dual failures,government dominance,effective cost constraints,and dynamic effectiveness to analyze the demand,supply and price indepth.The construction of carbon market should also pay close attention to its extended functions in industrial structure adjustment,ecological compensation,and ecological poverty alleviation.