批判与重建:列宁与庸俗唯物主义的决裂及其意义——基于对《伯尔尼笔记》的文本解读

Critique and Reconstruction:Lenin’s Break with Vulgar Materialism and Its Significance:Based on the Text Interpretation of Berne Notes

针对第二国际时期马克思主义遭遇的理论与实践双重困境,列宁在《伯尔尼笔记》中通过对庸俗唯物主义的批判,逐步确证了唯物辩证法的实践本质,重建了被经济决定论消解的马克思主义的革命能动性,从而确认了俄国无产阶级革命的现实合法性。列宁与庸俗唯物主义的决裂不仅使其实现了与第二国际主流理论家和自己哲学过去的划界,而且在破解庸俗唯物主义的理论困境中找到了重建马克思主义理论与实践相统一的哲学基础,推动了落后国家的社会主义革命和马克思主义的新发展。

According to the theoretical and practical dilemmas encountered by Marxism during the Second International period,Lenin gradually corroborated the practical essence of Materialist Dialectics,reconstructed the revolutionary initiative of Marxism that was dispelled by Economic Determinism,and then confirmed the actual legitimacy of proletarian revolution in Russian through his critique of Vulgar Materialism in Berne Notes.Lenin’s break with Vulgar Materialism not only realized the demarcation from the mainstream theorists of the Second International and his own philosophy,but also found a philosophical basis for rebuilding the unity of Marxist theory and practice in solving the theoretical dilemma of Vulgar Materialism.It promoted the Socialist revolution in Backward countries and the new development of Marxism.