社区建成环境对老年人健康影响的作用机制与实证结果

Research on the Associations between Community Built Environment and Health Outcomes of the Elderly:Mechanism of Action and Empirical Results

当前我国老年人整体健康状况不容乐观,社区作为老年人日常活动的主要场所,其规划与设计对于老年健康具有重要意义。如何制定有效的社区建成环境改善策略成为政府决策者及规划师面临的关键问题,而厘清环境与健康之间的关系是解决该问题的基础。自2002年世界卫生组织发布《积极老龄化政策框架》以来,老年健康环境成为全世界、尤其是发达国家的关注热点,发表在国际主流期刊的研究日渐丰富。因此,本文对相关话题的国际研究进行回顾和总结,构建以体力活动和社区凝聚力为中介变量的"环境—健康"作用机制,梳理广泛应用的社区建成环境和老年健康结果评价指标及数据来源,分类解释和提炼实证研究结论,并结合中国实际对学术前沿热点问题进行展望,以期为老年友好的社区规划与建设提供理论参考和实践指导。

With the increasing growth of aging population in China,it is urgently needed to take actions to improve the health among the elderly.Older adults often spend more time in their home and community.Designing communities in ways that supports their daily life plays a strong role in influencing their health.It is a great challenge to construct elder-friendly communities,and how to make it has become a key issue for urban planners and policy-makers.Elder-friendly environment has become a hot discussed issue when the 2002 World Health Organization Active Ageing report was put forward,and has attracted a lot of attention around the world,especially around the developed countries.We undertook an international literature review to synthesize findings from empirical studies exploring the associations between community built environment and health outcomes of the elderly.We summarized the widely used indicators and data source,and explained the research results.Frontier hot issues within the context of China were presented in the final.This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of elder-friendly communities.