外显社会范畴加工与内隐社会范畴加工的年龄效应

Does Perceiver’s Age Influence Explicit or Implicit Social Categorization?

目的:探究年龄对内隐社会范畴加工和外显社会范畴加工的影响,以及内隐社会范畴加工与外显社会范畴加工之间的关系。方法:采用Garner选择注意范式,以年轻人和老年人为被试,以年龄和性别作为目标范畴。结果:年轻人在判断面孔的年龄和性别时快于老年人。相比老年人,年轻人在加工外显社会范畴时会内隐加工与任务无关的社会范畴。结论:外显社会范畴加工和内隐社会范畴加工分享着一个共同的潜在加工系统。

Using Garner Selective Attention Paradigm,we conducted two experiments and selected“gender”and“age”as the target categories to explore the relationship between implicit and explicit social categorization and the influence of perceivers’age on them.In general,we revealed that perceiver’s age influenced both the explicit social categorization and implicit social categorization.Firstly,main effects of perceiver age and condition were observed.Perceivers responded fast⁃er in the baseline condition than they did in the orthogonal condition.Younger perceivers reacted faster relative to older per⁃ceivers.Secondly,younger perceivers responded faster in the baseline condition than they did in the orthogonal condition,older perceivers’responses was not significantly different between the two conditions.Thirdly,analyses revealed an interac⁃tion between perceiver age and face age.Our results reveal age-related deficits occurred in both explicit and implicit social categorization,which challenges the general notion that older and younger adults perform equivalently on implicit process⁃ing task.In addition,compared with male,people pay more attention to female’s age.