拿得起,放不下:手机在场效应的现象及机制

The Phenomenon and Mechanism of the Mere Presence Effect of Mobile Phone

近年来,有研究者发现手机仅仅在场也会对个体的认知和行为造成负面影响,称之为手机在场效应。该效应得到了许多实验证据的支持:在认知层面,手机在场使得个体在注意和认知控制相关任务上表现更差;在社会交往层面,手机在场会破坏交流质量和人际关系。根据价值驱动注意捕获理论,手机在场作为任务无关刺激能够自动地捕获注意资源,进而影响任务表现。但目前缺乏直接的证据表明手机在场效应是由于手机在场会自动化地捕获注意资源所致。未来研究应关注手机在场效应的认知机制,手机在场效应在青少年群体中的表现以及如何降低手机在场在学习和工作情境下的干扰作用。

In recent years,some researchers have found that the mere presence of mobile phones can impair human cog⁃nition and behavior,which is called the mere presence effect of mobile phone.The effect has been supported by a lot of ex⁃perimental evidence.On the cognitive level,the mere presence of mobile phone has a negative impact on attention-related task performance and cognitive control function.On the social interaction level,the presence of mobile phones undermines the quality of interpersonal communication and interferes with human relationships.According to the assumption of Valuedriven attentional capture theory,the mere presence of mobile phone as a task-unrelated stimulus may attract the attention resources to produce the diminished task-performance.However,there is no direct evidence that the mere presence effect of mobile phone is caused by the fact that mobile presence automatically captures attention resources.Future research should focus on the cognitive mechanism of mobile phone presence effect,the effect in the youth group and how to reduce the interference effect of mobile phone presence in learning and work situations.