机器视觉技术研究进展及展望

Research progress and prospect of machine vision technology

机器视觉是建立在计算机视觉理论工程化基础上的一门学科,涉及到光学成像、视觉信息处理、人工智能以及机电一体化等相关技术。随着我国制造业的转型升级与相关研究的不断深入,机器视觉技术凭借其精度高、实时性强、自动化与智能化程度高等优点,成为了提升机器人智能化的重要驱动力之一,并被广泛应用于工业生产、农业以及军事等各个领域。在广泛查阅相关文献之后,针对近十多年来机器视觉相关技术的发展与应用进行分析与总结,旨在为研究学者与工程应用人员提供参考。首先,总结了机器视觉技术的发展历程、国内外的机器视觉发展现状;其次,重点分析了机器视觉系统的核心组成部件、常用视觉处理算法以及当前主流的机器视觉工业软件;然后,介绍了机器视觉技术在产品瑕疵检测、智能视频监控分析、自动驾驶与辅助驾驶与医疗影像诊断等4个典型领域的应用;最后分析了当前机器视觉技术所面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望,为机器视觉技术的发展和应用推广发挥积极作用。

Developed from the engineering of computer vision theory,machine vision involves such technologies as optical imaging,visual information processing,artificial intelligence,and mechatronics.With the transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry and development of relevant research,the machine vision technology,with the advantages of high precision,real-time performance,high-level automation and intelligence,has become one of the most significant driving forces for enhancing the intelligence of robots,thus being widely applied in modern industrial,agricultural,and military fields.In order to provide some guidance for researchers and engineers,this paper summarized an abundance of literature on machine vision technology,of which the research,development,and application in the recent decade were analyzed.Firstly,the development and current situation of machine vision around the world was introduced.Secondly,explorations were made on the key components of machine vision system including lighting,optical lenses,and cameras,vision processing algorithms including image preprocessing,image visual position,and segmentation,and the mainstream industrial software of machine vision.Thirdly,four typical applications of machine vision technology were presented,including production defect detection,intelligent visual surveillance,autopilot and assisted driving,and medical imaging diagnosis.Finally,the current challenges faced by machine vision were analyzed,with the future trends of machine vision predicted.Thus,this paper will play an active role in the development and application promotion of machine vision science and technology.