增材制造用真空气雾化CuCrZr粉末熔炼工艺对粉末制备的影响

Effects of vacuum atomized CuCrZr powder smelting process on powder preparation in additive manufacturing

高强高导CuCrZr合金在非真空熔铸过程中合金元素的氧化烧损是限制其工业化连续化生产的关键因素之一,而在真空熔炼环境中生产适合增材制造用的CuCrZr粉末以及与之相关的熔炼工艺和制备方法的研究甚少甚至成为空白。本文采用超音速真空气雾化技术制备增材制造用CuCrZr粉末,系统研究了Zr的不同添加方式以及加入量、精炼温度和精炼时间以及熔炼坩埚材质对制备粉末成分的影响,结果表明:使用CuCrZr预合金棒料作为原材料,精炼温度控制在1 200℃~1 300℃,精炼时间控制在20 min左右,并且熔炼坩埚使用刚玉坩埚时,此时制备的CuCrZr粉末化学成分较为均匀,Cr和Zr元素收得率最高。这对于实现高速铁路接触线以及集成电路引线框架等领域所需的高强高导CuCrZr合金的国产化生产具有重大战略意义。

The oxidation and burning loss of alloy elements in the process of non vacuum melting and casting of CuCrZr alloy with high strength and high conductivity is one of the key factors limiting its industrial continuous production.The research on the production of CuCrZr powder suitable for additive manufacturing in vacuum melting environment and the related smelting process and preparation method are very few or even blank.CuCrZr powder was prepared by vacuum atomization,the paper systematically studied the powder preparation by the effects of different Zr addition methods,addition amount,refining temperature and refining time,and crucible materials.The results showed that using CuCrZr prealloy bar material as raw material,the refining temperature was controlled at 1200~1300℃,the refining time was controlled at 20 min,using corundum crucible as melting crucible,the chemical composition of prepared CuCrZr powder was homogeneous,the elements of Cr and Zr have the highest yield.This is of great strategic significance for the domestic production of CuCrZr alloy which is required in the fields of high-speed railway contact wire and integrated circuit lead frame.