黄渤海3个口虾蛄群体的形态差异分析

Morphological difference analysis on three different stocks of Oratosquilla oratoria in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

为研究口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria De Haan,1844)种内形态特点和地理分化规律,对黄渤海垦利、养马岛、海阳3个口虾蛄群体雌、雄个体外骨骼的3类25个形态性状指标分别进行了单因素方差分析、差异系数检验、主成分分析、判别分析和相关性分析。单因素方差分析结果显示,雌、雄口虾蛄间整体上存在显著形态差异;3地的雌性群体除4个指标外其余指标均存在极显著性差异(P<0.01),雄性群体除1个指标外其余指标均存在极显著性差异(P<0.01)。差异系数检验显示,垦利和养马岛的口虾蛄群体属于同一种群,而海阳与垦利和养马岛的口虾蛄群体在形态上存在一定的差异。主成分分析提取了7个特征值大于1的形态指标,累积贡献率为81.69%,其中的主成分1和主成分2基本上可以将海阳雌雄口虾蛄群体与养马岛、垦利的群体区分开。利用逐步回归的方法建立3个群体雌、雄的判别函数,雌、雄群体的综合判别率分别为97.4%和98.1%。相关分析显示,雌性群体的头胸甲长、腹节长、第8胸节宽、第5腹节宽、尾节下部宽、掠足长节长和掌节长均与体长有极显著线性相关(P<0.01),雄性群体的头胸甲长、腹节长、第5腹节宽和尾节下部宽均与体长有极显著线性相关(P<0.01)。结果表明,垦利和养马岛群体的形态差异较小,两者与海阳群体的形态差异较大。

In order to study the morphological characteristics and geographical differentiation of mantis shrimp(Oratosquilla Oratoria De Haan,1844),morphological comparison using 25 exoskeleton morphological indices of male and female belonging to three types among three stocks of O.oratoria in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea was conducted statistically by one-way ANOVA analysis,coefficient of difference test,principal component analysis,discriminant analysis and correlation analysis respectively.The one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there were significant morphological differences between the male and female on the whole.Except for four indicators,there were extremely significant differences between the female(P<0.01),and there were extremely significant differences between the male except for one indicator(P<0.01).The coefficient of difference test showed that the stocks in Kenli and Yangma Island belonged to the same population,and there were significant morphological differences between stocks in Haiyang and Kenli,and Yangma Island.Principal component analysis revealed seven principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1,reaching cumulatively 81.69%.Principal component 1 and principal component 2 could basically distinguish the male and the female of Haiyang stock from those of Yangma Island and Kenli.The stepwise regression method was used to screen out 11 and 10 variables with significant contributions in order to establish the discriminant functions of females and males,respectively.The comprehensive discriminant rates of females and males were 97.4%and 98.1%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that carapace length,abdominal somite length,merus length,propodus length,8th thoracic somite width,5th abdominal somite width and lower tail width of female had extremely significant linear correlation with total length(P<0.01),while carapace length,abdominal somite length,5th abdominal somite width and lower tail width of male had extremely significant linear correlation with total length(P<0.01).The results showed that the morphological differences of Kenli and Yangma Island stocks were smaller,but the morphological differences between them and Haiyang stock were larger.