嵊泗海域拖网渔业资源群落生态学研究

Community ecology of trawl fishery resources in Shengsi sea area

为了解嵊泗海域渔业资源状况,合理评估和利用渔业资源,根据2016—2017年嵊泗海域4个航次的渔业资源调查数据,运用生物多样性指数、物种季节更替率、相关性分析、冗余度分析等方法,对该海域拖网渔业资源的物种多样性、群落结构聚集性、优势种与环境因子间关系等进行分析。结果表明:1)调查海域共出现渔业资源种类78种,其中鱼类36种、虾类14种、蟹类12种、其他类16种,丰度和生物量均以鱼类最高,其次为蟹类和虾类;2)棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyner)、葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)和日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)是嵊泗海域的优势种,其资源量整体呈现夏秋季节高于冬春季节、东部外海海域高于西部近海海域;3)渔获资源特征种群落的丰富度指数(D)平均为3.47,多样性指数(H′)平均为2.30,均匀度指数(J′)平均为0.65;4)冗余度分析结果显示,活性磷酸盐、表层叶绿素浓度、悬浮物浓度、亚硝酸盐含量是影响嵊泗海域渔业资源优势种季节变化的重要环境因子。

Based on the data of four seasons collected from 2016 to 2017 in Shengsi sea area,the biodiversity index,correlation analysis,redundancy degree analysis and other methods were used to analyze the species diversity,community structure aggregation,relationship between dominant species and environmental factors.The results showed that:1)78 species of fishery importance were collected from the surveyed waters,including 36 species of fish,14 species of shrimp,12 species of crab and 16 other species.The abundance and biomass of fish were the highest,followed by crab and shrimp;2)Collichthys lucidus,Cynoglossus joyner,Palaemon gravieri and Charybdis japonica were the dominant species in Shengsi sea area.Their resources in summer and autumn were higher than that in winter and spring,and the eastern offshore waters were higher than the western coastal waters;3)The richness index(D),diversity index(H′)and evenness index(J′)of the dominant species communities were 3.47,2.30 and 0.65,respectively;4)Redundancy analysis suggested that active phosphate,surface chlorophyll concentration,suspended matter concentration and nitrite content were the important environmental factors affecting the seasonal changes in the structure of the dominant fishery resources.The results of community structure analysis showed that species aggregation was significant in summer and winter.The number and abundance of species in spring and autumn were dispersed.The separation was primarily influenced by Changjiang diluted water and the nearby current.The convergence of ocean currents causes turbidity of water,which has a great influence on the community structure distribution of fishery resources.The analysis of fishery resource survey data of four voyages in Shengsi sea area from 2016 to 2017 can provide scientific basis for effective assessment,protection and rational utilization of fishery resources.