社区韧性:基层新冠肺炎疫情的应对与挑战——基于社区抗逆力理论的视角

On response to the covid-19 epidemic and its challenges at the community level——in perspective of Community resilience

从社区新冠肺炎疫情的应对出发,分析社区在应对疫情危机时的社区抗逆力,总结社区抗疫经验。面对新冠肺炎疫情带来的健康风险和次生社会风险,政府行政体系的政策、物资保障和基层联防联控体系成为社区支持的外部保护因素;“网格化”治理、“三社联动”机制和以社区信任为核心的社会资本积累成为社区抗疫行动抵御风险的内部保护因素;政府信息的公开化、个体积极行动的榜样宣传、过往SARS的成功防控经历则从组织经验、情绪唤醒方面提升了社区的集体自我效能。但是社区的应急行动也存在制度支持不足、社区工作者队伍补充不足和应急处理能力不足的问题。

Based on community's response to Covid-19 epidemic,the community's resilience during the crisis of the epidemic was analyzed and the community's experience in fighting the epidemic was summarized as well.Faced with the health risks and secondary social risks brought by Covid-19,the measures and material supplies from government and community-level joint prevention and control system became the external protective factors for communities,the Urban Grid Management System,the joint response mechanism among communities,social organizations and social workers,and the social capital accumulation with the core of community trust became the internal protective factors for communities to fight the epidemic and withstand risks.The openness of government information,the promotion of individual active examples and the successful experience of SARS control improved the collective self-efficacy of the community in the aspects of organizing experience and emotional arousal.However,the shortages such as less support from regulations,lack of social workers and ability deficiency in emergency response also occurred in community's emergency operations.