化学镀镍镀层质量影响因素的分析

Research on the Factors Affecting the Quality of Electroless Nickel Plating

针对化学镀镍镀层颜色不一致、亚光、发花,镀层起皮、麻点,厚度不合格,无法通过48 h的盐雾耐蚀性试验和硬度试验等质量问题,利用原子氢[H]析出反应机理和H_2PO_2^-的副反应,分析得出温度、Ni^(2+)/H_2PO_2^-比例、pH值、HPO_3^(2-)含量和氢气是影响反应进行的5类因素。研究了5类因素对镀液和镀层质量的影响规律,并提出了控制措施。结合镀层质量存在的典型缺陷、排除方法和成功建线经验,提出在生产线上配备循环过滤系统、物理搅拌系统、温控传感系统、自动pH值、Ni2+检测系统和自动添加药品系统等,以解决5类因素的不良影响,提高化学镀镍镀层质量。

In view of some quality problems,such as the inconsistent of appearance color,matte,hair,coating peeling,pitting,unqualified thickness,failing to pass the 48 h salt spray corrosion resistance test and hardness test and so on,it is concluded that temperature,Ni2+/H2PO2-ratio,pH value,HPO32-content and hydrogen are the five factors influencing the reaction based on the mechanism of[H]precip⁃itation reaction and the side reaction of H2PO2-.The influence rules of 5 kinds of factors on bath and coat⁃ing quality are found,and the control measures are summarized.Combined with the typical faults of coat⁃ing quality,elimination methods and successful experience of line construction,it is proposed to equip the production line with circulating filter system,physical stirring system and temperature control sens⁃ing system,automatic pH value,Ni2+detection system and automatic drug addition system,etc.The adverse effects of five factors is eliminated and the quality of electroless nickel plating is improved.