择校能否提高学生学业成绩——基于中国教育追踪调查数据的分析

Whether School Choice Can Improve Students’Academic Performance:Evidence from CEPS Data

文章基于中国教育追踪调查数据,实证考察了择校对学生学业成绩的影响。结果发现:择校将显著增加学生心理压力与学业压力,并引致学生较差的学业表现;进一步的研究表明,择校对学生学业发展的制约作用随时间推移而逐渐减弱。与“以房择校”相比,“权钱并施的择校”更不利于学生学业成绩的提高。此外,学校所在地区类型的差异也是引发异质性问题的关键因素,乡镇与农村地区择校引致的学业成绩下降显著大于市、县城中心和郊区、城乡结合部地区。本文的实证结论为贯彻落实“就近入学”政策,加快义务教育公平发展提供了新的证据。

Based on data from the China Education Panel Survey,the article empirically examines the impact of school choice on student academic performance.The results show that:school choice significantly increases students’psychological and academic pressure and leads to poor academic performance;further research shows that the restriction effect of school choice on students’academic development gradually weakens with the passage of time.Compared with“choosing school by housing”,“choosing school with power and money”is more detrimental to the improvement of students’academic performance.In addition,the difference in the type of area where the school is located is also a key factor that causes heterogeneity.The decline in academic performance caused by school choice in rural areas is significantly greater than that in city centers,county centers,and suburbs.The empirical conclusions of this paper provide new evidence for implementing the policy of“nearby enrollment”and accelerating the fair development of compulsory education.