东北地区大气污染物源排放时空特征:基于国内外清单的对比分析

Spatio-temporality of Anthropogenic Air Pollutants in Northeast China Based on Current Emission Inventories

基于国内外4类常用的污染源排放清单数据(EDGAR:全球大气研究排放数据库;CEDS:社区排放数据系统;MIX:亚洲排放清单;PKU-FUEL:全球燃料排放数据),对东北区域5类人为排放源(工业源、能源、交通运输源、生活民用源和农业源)的8种污染物(PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NOx、NMVOCs、NH3、OC和BC)从排放总量、来源贡献和时空分布特征等方面进行对比分析。结果表明:东北污染物排放主要以SO2、NOx和NMVOCs为主,工业、能源和交通运输为主要贡献源;PM2.5和PM10主要来自生活民用源和工业源,贡献率前者大于后者。辽宁省污染物(除NH3外)排放最大,其次为黑龙江省、吉林省和内蒙古东四盟市,冬季排放强度明显高于其他季节。NH3主要来自农业源,排放峰值发生在5~7月;各清单间排放总量和来源贡献差异明显,EDGAR和PKU清单对NH3估算差异度为170.3%;SO2、NOx、BC和OC的排放差异度均在30%以上。不同活动水平和排放因子的使用是造成清单差异的主要原因。本研究可以掌握东北污染状况,了解清单差异,为本地化清单工作开展提供研究方向,同时也可为模式模拟合理选择清单数据提供参考。

Quantifying local anthropogenic atmospheric pollutants emissions is the basis of comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution. Although heavy pollution periods occurred frequently in Northeast China over past years, the development of anthropogenic emission inventory relatively lags behind other regions. Based on current four emission inventories(i.e., EDGAR, CEDS, MIX, PKU), we analyzed the spatiotemporality of atmospheric pollutants emissions(i.e., PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, NMVOCs, NH3, OC, BC) from five source sectors(i.e., industry, energy, transportation, residential, and agriculture) in Northeast China(i.e.,Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, East Fourth League of Inner Mongolia). The results showed the NOx, SO2 and NMVOCs were the main pollutants in Northeast China, which were mainly from industry, energy, and transportation. PM2.5 and PM10 were mainly from residential and industry, and the former is greater than the latter in contribution. All pollutants emissions(except NH3) followed the order;Liaoning Province > Heilongjiang Province > Jilin Province > East Fourth League of Inner Mongolia. The annual emission of pollutants(except NH3) displayed a "positive U" with significant higher intensity in winter than other periods, while NH3 emissions was the opposite with the main occurrence from May to July. Among four inventories, the total emission and source contribution of each pollutant were obviously different, especially for NH3.The NH3 emissions from PKU was significantly lower by 170% as compared to EDGAR values in Northeast China. Furthermore, diversity factor reached 96% in East Fourth League of Inner Mongolia, which was the largest contributor of NH3 emission. In addition, the disagreement for SO2, NOx, BC and OC emissions were above 30%. An important reason for the large difference might be the use of different activity data and emission factor. By providing the basic information, this study contributes to better understanding of current status of atmospheric pollutants emissions in Northeast China, and also may be useful to select reasonable emission inventory for numeric simulation.