紫云英还田耦合稻鱼共生对双季水稻群体生长特性及产量的影响

Effects of Chinese milk vetch returning to the field coupled with rice-fish symbiosis on population growth and yield of double cropping rice

为探究"紫云英还田+稻鱼共生"对水稻群体生长特性和产量的影响,试验以冬闲田-双季稻(CK)为对照,设置紫云英-双季稻(ZD)、冬闲田-双季稻+鱼(YD)、紫云英-双季稻+鱼(ZY)共4个处理,调查水稻叶面积指数、干物质积累量、物质积累与转运、水稻产量和产量构成指数。结果表明:1)双季稻栽培期间,ZY处理较CK处理抽穗期的水稻叶面积指数分别增加了11.33%和50.26%,ZY处理较CK处理从分蘖期至抽穗期的光合势分别增加了12.30%~28.96%和24.00%~48.46%,ZY处理较CK处理从幼穗分化期至抽穗期的净同化率分别增加了25.46%和11.62%。2)YD、ZD、ZY处理均有效提高了双季稻地上部生物量,双季稻栽培期间,ZY处理的地上部生物量最高,为1607.70和1526.60 g·m^-2,早稻较CK、YD、ZD处理增加11.22%、8.81%、0.90%,晚稻较CK、YD、ZD处理增加14.34%、5.42%、5.78%。ZY处理在提高地上部生物量的同时,促进物质向穗部转移,各处理的双季稻收获指数以ZY处理最高,分别为0.58、0.59。3)ZY处理双季稻产量分别为6.68、7.15t·hm^-2,较CK、YD、ZD处理增产幅度达12.79%~17.99%、2.23%~11.72%、0.44%~14.95%,水稻的穗粒数是影响水稻产量形成的主要因素。综上,YD、ZD、ZY处理可以有效提高和优化双季稻群体生长特性表现,进而促进双季稻水稻产量的增加,其中ZY处理效果优于YD、ZD处理,是一种绿色高效的耕作方式。

To investigate the effects of field returning of Chinese milk vetch coupled with rice-fish symbiosis on the population growth and yield of rice,we carried out an experiment with four treatments,including winter fallow-double cropping rice(CK)as a control,Chinese milk vetchdouble cropping rice(ZD),winter fallow-double cropping rice combined with fish(YD),and Chinese milk vetch-double cropping rice combined with fish(ZY).We measured leaf area index,amount of dry matter accumulation and translocation,rice yield,and yield composition index.The results showed that:(1)During the cultivation of double cropping rice,leaf area index at heading stage of the ZY treatment increased by 11.33%and 50.26%,respectively.The photosynthetic potential of ZY increased from 12.30%to 28.96%and 24.00%to 48.46%respectively from tillering stage to heading stage.The net assimilation rate from panicle primordium differentiation stage to heading stage increased by 25.46%and 11.62%.(2)YD,ZD and ZY improved aboveground biomass of double cropping rice.Aboveground biomass of ZY was the highest with 1607.70 and 1526.60 g·m^-2,which respectively increased by 11.22%,8.81%,and0.90%during the early rice season and 14.34%,5.42%and 5.78%during the late rice season compared with CK,YD,and ZD.ZY increased aboveground biomass and material transfer to panicle.The double cropping rice harvest index was the highest in ZY,which was 0.58 and 0.59 respectively.(3)The yield of double cropping rice in ZY was 6.68 and 7.15 t·hm^-2 respectively,which increased by 12.79%-17.99%,2.23%-11.72%and 0.44%-14.95%compared with CK,YD and ZD.Grain number per panicle was the main factor affecting yield formation.Our results showed that YD,ZD,and ZY could effectively improve and optimize population growth of double cropping rice,thereby increase rice yield.Further,ZY is better than YD and ZD,and thus is a green and efficient farming method.