金属液滴的电毛细运动规律

Electrocapillarity motion of metal droplets

通过理论推导得出电毛细运动的公式,并通过自行设计的实验装置研究金属液滴在重力作用下,在NaOH-淀粉混合液中的电毛细运动规律。在上述模拟体系中施加电场,拍摄金属液滴的运动轨迹并进行图像处理,获得液滴的瞬时运动规律。研究发现施加电场后液滴的水平速度分量经历迅速增加到极大值、缓慢减小到稳定值以及维持稳定速度3个阶段。研究结果表明混合液黏度在853~1760 mPa·s,电场强度在90~135 V/m或液滴半径在0.91~1.31 mm时液滴运动速度满足电毛细运动公式,即电毛细运动速度与电场强度和液滴半径成正比,与混合液黏度成反比。

In this paper,the formula of electrocapillary motion was derived theoretically,and the electrocapillary motion of metal droplets in NaOH-starch mixture under the action of gravity was studied by a self-designed experimental apparatus.The electric field was applied in the above simulation system to film the motion track of the metal droplet and conduct image processing to obtain the instantaneous motion rule of the droplet.It is found that after applying electric field,the horizontal velocity component of the droplet goes through three stages:rapidly increasing to a maximum value,slowly decreasing to a stable value,and maintaining a stable velocity.The results show that when the mixture viscosity is between 853-1760 mPa·s,the electric field intensity is between 90-135 V/m or the droplet radius is between 0.91-1.31 mm,the droplet velocity satisfies the formula of electrocapillary motion,that is,the electrocapillary velocity is proportional to the electric field intensity and droplet radius,and inversely proportional to the mixture viscosity.