论审美认知的层次——以宋词为例

On the Levels of Aesthetic Cognition——Taking Song Poetry as an Example

审美认知是人类精神活动的一种,是面对自然或社会的审美客体时,审美主体产生愉悦情绪的心理过程。在审美认知活动中,审美主体因受生理本能、教育背景等个人条件以及文化传统、时代风尚等社会因素的影响而获得不同的审美结果,展现出本能性、习得性以及双重审美认知三个层次。这三个层次各自独立又相辅相成,其生成机制集中体现了审美认知活动的复杂性。宋词作为中国古代文学的经典样式之一,在其创作和欣赏的过程中表现出审美认知三个层次的典型特点。通过对宋词作品的研读,可以更加轻松地了解审美认知层次的特征和内涵。

Aesthetic cognition is a kind of human mental activity,which is a psychological process that generates pleasant emotions in aesthetic subjects when they are confronted with natural or social aesthetic objects.In the activity of aesthetic cognition,the aesthetic subject obtains different aesthetic results due to the influence of physiological instincts,educational background and other personal conditions,as well as social factors such as cultural traditions and fashions of the times,showing three levels of instinctive,acquired and dual aesthetic cognition.These three levels are independent and mutually reinforcing,and their generation mechanisms focus on the complexity of aesthetic cognitive activities.As one of the classical styles of ancient Chinese literature,the Song Dynasty(960-1279)shows the typical characteristics of the three levels of aesthetic cognition in the process of its creation and appreciation.By studying the works of the Song Dynasty,we can more easily understand the features and connotations of the three levels of aesthetic cognition.