国外液化天然气接收站调峰实践及对中国的启示

The peak shaving practice of foreign LNG terminals and its enlightenments

LNG接收站与储气库相比具有站址选择相对方便、紧邻市场、外输能力强和几乎无需垫底气的优点,但在经济性和安全性上存在不足。欧洲、日本、韩国主要通过建设多元调峰体系、为调峰预留设施能力、进口节奏与调峰需求相匹配等措施来充分发挥LNG接收站的调峰作用。在中国,LNG接收站在整个调峰体系中的地位日益提升,但仍存在着调峰空间不足、地区分布不均和商务模式不明的问题。“十四五”期间,中国LNG接收站将迎来快速发展,为更好地发挥LNG接收站在天然气消费调峰中的作用,中国应逐步建立“储气库+LNG接收站+LNG储配站”的多元调峰体系,各运营主体需要结合天然气行业体制改革积极探索LNG接收站储气服务的商务模式,行业主管部门培育更加公平开放的行业环境。

Compared with gas storage,LNG terminal has such several advantages as relatively convenient site selection,close proximity to the market,strong export capacity,and no need for cushion gas,but there are deficiencies in economy and safety.Europe,Japan and South Korea mainly take measures such as building a diversified peak shaving system,reserving facility capacity for peak shaving,and matching the pace of imports with peak shaving demand to give full play to the peak shaving role of LNG terminal.In China,LNG terminal plays an increasingly important role in the whole peaking system but there are still such problems as insufficient peak shaving space,uneven regional distribution,and unclear business models.During the 14th Five-Year period,China’s LNG terminal will usher in rapid development.In order to better play the role of LNG terminal in peak shaving,China should gradually establish a multiple peak regulation system with underground gas storage+LNG terminal+LNG storage and distribution station,each operating entity should actively explore the business model of LNG terminal gas storage services in line with the reform of the natural gas industry system,and the industry authorities should cultivate a more fair and open industry environment.