寻乌调查与毛泽东的农村阶级划分

The Xunwu Survey and Mao Zedong's Rural Class Divisions

寻乌调查是毛泽东在中央苏区所做的一次全面性的社会调查。在这次调查中,他根据中共六大的决议,把中国农村阶级划分地主、富农、中农和贫农等阶级。但是,毛泽东在坚持六大决议时,又超越了中共六大的认知,提出了地主有公共地主和个人地主的区分,同时又把比较富裕的自耕农和中农当作富农。这些认识很明显是对中共六大阶级划分的创新。毛泽东在寻乌调查中对农村阶级的这种分类,确定了地主、富农占有土地70%~80%的基本判断,成为以后土地改革的主要依据,并提出中央苏区执行上级政策的原则性和灵活性相统一的一般原则。

The Survey of Xunwu was a comprehensive social survey conducted by Mao Zedong in Central Soviet Zone.Based on the resolutions of the Sixth National Congress of the CPC,Mao divided China's rural classes into landlords,rich peasants,middle Peasants and poor peasants In adhering to the resolutions of the Sixth National Congress,Mao Zedong went beyond the understanding of the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China and proposed a distinction between public landlords and private landlords.At the same time,he regarded the relatively well off yeomen and middle peasants as rich peasants.These understandings are clearly an innovation of the class division of the CPC.Mao Zedong's classification of the rural class in his xunwu survey determined that the landlords and rich peasants occupied 70~80%of the land,which became the main basis for the land reform.In his investigation,Mao Zedong did not completely solve the problem of distinguishing landlords from rich peasants,rich peasants from middle peasants,nor did he solve the problem of rich peasants,and proposed a general principle of unity and flexibility in the implementation of the policy of the higher levels in the Central Soviet Zone.