如祀祖先:台湾美浓三奶夫人信仰的田野调查

A Field Study on the Belief of SannaiFuren in Meinong (Taiwan)

台湾美浓是客家人最为集中的地区之一,当地民间信仰中,由福建古田传播而来的“三奶夫人”信仰,在台湾客家地区较为少见,然而在南台湾客家居住地的美浓,发现詹姓家族通过移民的方式,将夫人信仰辗转带到台湾六堆地区,并历经日本殖民时期的皇民化教育,美浓詹屋家族仍维系“三奶夫人”信仰于不坠,更难得的是保留了随其先祖来台历经百年之久的神龛。“三奶夫人”信仰在美浓发展过程中,因受到今日台湾少子化社会的影响,对“三奶夫人”的信仰也有减弱之势。

Meinong District,Kaohsiung City,is one of the most concentrated areas of Hakka people in Taiwan.The local folk belief“Sannai Furen”,spread from Gutian,Fujian,is uncommon in the Hakka areas of Taiwan.However,Zhan’s family,lived in Meinong,the southern of Taiwan,had transmitted“Sannai Furen”faith to the Liudui area(Kaohsiung City).After the imperialized education of the Japan colonial period,the Meinong Zhan’s family still maintained the belief of“Sannai Furen”and had rare to keep the mini-shrines that the 18th generation ancestors for easy carried to cross the Strait to Taiwan.In developing period of Meinong area,the belief of“Sannai Furen”gradually decreases because of the low fertility rate in Taiwan.