现象学视域中的学科教学及课堂重建

Subject Teaching and Classroom Reconstruction in Phenomenological Perspective

现象学关注生活世界中的各种问题,立足现象学立场研究作为生活世界重要组成部分的教育问题。在实证主义思想影响下,学科教学中忽视知识意义的客观主义表现突出。现象学思想内在于各种教育学思想的框架体系之中,主张悬置一切先入之见,推动学习者在积极思考中构建知识及其意义同时创造、型塑自己。应超越客观化、概念化知识体系的局限性,突显主体性尤其是人的独立思考能力,使所有对于认知者产生效果的科学结构,均成为有目的、有计划地发生在这些认知的实际生活里,并作为个人获得性的思想观念存储在认识与认知生活之中,被充分、自由、持续地使用。因此,要重新构建起以学生思考以及师生、生生之间的思想激荡、碰撞为轴心的师生全身心投入的学科教学与课堂生活世界。

Phenomenology pays attention to various problems in the life world,and it is inevitable to study educational issues as an important part of the life world from the standpoint of phenomenology.Under the influence of positivism,the objectivism of ignoring the meaning of knowledge in subject teaching is prominent.The phenomenological thought lies in the framework system of various pedagogical thoughts,and advocates that all preconceived ideas should be put aside to promote learners to construct knowledge and its meaning in positive thinking and create and shape themselves at the same time.Go beyond the limitations of objectification and conceptualization of knowledge systems.Highlighting the subjectivity,especially the independent thinking ability of human beings,so that all the scientific structures that have an effect on the cognitive person have become the actual life of these cognitions in a purposeful and planned way,they are stored in cognition and cognitive life as personally acquired ideas,and they are used fully,freely and continuously.Reconstruct the world of subject teaching and classroom life with students’ thinking,as well as the agitation and collision of ideas between students or teachers and students,as the axis.