从“谓+名主”结构探讨湘西苗语词法与句法的关系

Relations between Morphology and Syntax of Xiangxi Miao Language from the“Predicate+Noun(subject role)”Structure

湘西苗语复合词的构词类型有述宾式、述补式、偏正式、联合式等四种类型,缺省主谓式类型。不过,湘西苗语存在一种表层为述宾结构而深层语义为主谓关系的“谓+名主”式复合词,可以说它是对主谓式复合词缺省的一种补偿性构词手段。此外,四音格词、短语、句子等层级中也广泛存在“谓+名主”结构。不同层级的“谓+名主”结构中谓词性成分的类型,名词性成分的类型、指涉特征、语义类型存在差异。“谓+名主”式复合词是由“谓+名主”式句法结构词汇化而来,但须满足一定的词法化条件。

There are four morphologic types for the compound words in Xiangxi Miao language:object,complement,subordinative and compound.Sometimes,the object structure in compound words in Xiangxi Miao language function as the subject-predicate structure,that is predicate+noun structure,which is viewed as the complement structure.Additionally,words with four tones,phrases and sentences also exist in the predicate+noun structure.Therefore,the current paper explored the diversity and complexity in lexical and syntactic structures of“Predicate+Noun(subject role)”in Xiangxi Miao language.The results showed that the predicate+noun structure of compound words came from the syntax of predicate+noun structure based on the certain lexical situation.