百年来明清词调音乐研究现状与反思——以《木兰花》词调为例

Research on the Status and Reflections of Ming and Qing Ci-Poetry Music Over the Recent Century

明清词调音乐是重要的词乐历史形态,承载着唐宋词独特的声辞之美,也呈现出明清词人融前代遗声与当代声乐的博雅趣味。百年来明清词调音乐研究主要集中在乐律宫调理论、文学与音乐的关系、乐谱校订与翻译三大方面。依托传统音乐史和乐律理论,论者就词调音乐发展流变和乐律学研究之成果尚称丰富;以明清词调音乐乐例阐释词的文辞、声情与音乐关系的相关论述仍显得片面,不少地方甚至是主观臆断;以现代简谱、五线谱重新解读和翻译明清词调音乐也因译谱方式的不同而存在争议及偏失。反思百年来明清词调音乐研究的思路、方法以及依此取得的成就与不足,并以唐宋流行词调《木兰花》为例,阐明明清词调研究展现出的学术空间和张力,是推进明清词调音乐研究走向深入的重要基础。

In Ming and Qing Dynasties,the cultured Ci-writers integrated Ci-poetry they inherited from Tang and Song Dynasties with the vocal music of their times,creating a Ci-poetry-based music that exuded charms of sound and diction peculiar to the Ci-poems in Tang and Song Dynasties.It became an important music form of ci-poetry in the history of China.Over the past century,studies on it have been focused on three aspects:theories on the modes of ancient Chinese music,relationship between literature and music,as well as the revision and translation of music score.Studies on the development and evolution of Ci-poetry music and its rhythms,backed by traditional music history and rhythm theories,are relatively abundant.But arguments and descriptions that intend to interpret the relationships between Ci-poetry’s diction,emotion,and music still look partial,not to mention that quite a few of them are even based on subjective assumptions.Efforts to interpret and translate Ming and Qing Ci-poetry music using the modern numbered musical notations and staves have also been met with controversies and partialities,as the ways of translation vary.In this paper,the ideas and methodologies for studying Ming and Qing Ci-poetry music,the achievements obtained,and the existing shortages were analyzed retrospectively.Taking The Magnolia,a popular Ci-tune in Tang and Song Dynasties,as an example,this paper discusses the room for academic research as well as the emphasis shown in the studies on Ming and Qing Ci-poetry music.In doing so,this paper lays a foundation for the promotion of relevant studies toward deeper and wider dimensions.