倒马关考略

The Research of Daoma Pass

倒马关即汉代常山关,位于今河北唐县西北六十公里处的倒马关村,至迟在北魏时期就因"高冈之病良马"而更名。有些学者认为倒马关的历史可溯至位于今河北唐县西北四十公里处北洪城村北的战国鸱之塞(鸿上关)。从传世文献看,两关始终分置记载,其周围的自然、人文景观相异。从历史地理学看,两关与唐朝定州唐县的方位、距离不同。从考古学看,将两关等同视之,与战国中山长城走向和功能有所抵牾。倒马关具有重要的交通战略作用,战争时期可以阻挡游牧民族南下"侵扰";相对和平时亦见证使团、商旅的往来,促进农耕民族和游牧民族的交融。

Daoma Pass,named as Changshan Pass in han Dynasty,is located in the Daoma villiage 60 km northwestern from Tang county in Hebei Prounce and is famous for"Montain steep,horse exhausted"in Northern Wei Dynasty.Some scholars trace the history of Daoma Pass to Chizhi Pass(Hongshan Pass)in warring states period,which is located in the north of Bei Hongcheng villiage 40 km northwestern from Tang country in Hebei Province.From the perspective of history documents,two passes were recorded seperately with unique nature and culture.From the perspective of historical geography,locations and distances from Tang county,Ding State in Tang Dynasty are different.From the perspective of archeaology,it makes no sense to take two passes as one in consideration of the extension and function of Zhongshan Great Wall in warring states period.Daoma Pass plays valuable traffic and strategic roles,resisting Nomadic People’s in vasion to south in war time;while witnessing communications among missions and trade caravans,developing integration between Farming and Nomadic People in peace time.