价值取向视阈下我国民族理论政策的历史嬗变

THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF ETHNIC THEORIES AND POLICIES OF THE PRC WITH THE VALUE ORIENTATION PERSPECTIVE

政策价值是政策的灵魂,政策价值取向左右政策变迁。绝大多数现代公共政策均存在两种及以上彼此矛盾的价值取向,其实质是不同形势下对政策价值的阶次权衡。民族理论政策的成功与其紧跟时代、与时俱进密切相关;就价值取向而言,我国民族理论政策既有维护各少数民族权益取向的“多元”要素,也有构建多民族共同体取向的“一体”要素;在不同时代背景下,二者均有可能上升为民族理论政策的优先权衡。新中国成立70多年来,我国民族理论政策稳中有变,大致呈现新中国成立初“多元一体”、改革开放后“多元”挑战“一体”以及新时代“一体多元”三个历史阶段。

Policy value is the soul of policy and its orientation determines the changes of policy.Majority of modern public policies exist two or more contradictory value orientations,which in nature is a stratified balance of policy values in different situations.The success of the PRC's ethnic theories and policies is related to keeping pace with the times.In terms of value orientation,there are not only diversified elements to safeguard the rights and interests of ethnic groups,but also united elements of building a multi-ethnic common community in the PRC's ethnic theories and policies.In different times,both elements may become the prior consideration of ethnic theories and policies.In more than 70 years of the PRC,ethnic theories and policies have changed steadily,and roughly presents three historical stages,i.e.,the Diversity in Unity at the beginning of PRC,the Unity Challenged by Diversity after the Reform and Opening-up,and the Unity with Diversity in the New Era.