某区841例疑似麻疹病例IgM抗体测定结果分析

Analysis of IgM Antibody Determination of 841 Suspected Measles Cases in A District

目的了解闵行区2015—2017年麻疹的发病情况。方法采用ELISA法检测麻疹IgM抗体。结果841例患者中,包括2015年疑似病例600例,2016年疑似病例156例,2017年疑似病例85例,分析患者疾病特点显示:麻疹疾病阳性患者男性、女性患者占比无明显差异(P>0.05);麻疹疾病阳性患者在3~5月发病率最高,为全年发病高峰期;麻疹疾病阳性患者中幼儿、青少儿阳性占比最高,且不同年龄组麻疹IgM抗体阳性率差别有显著意义(P<0.01)。同时本次受检中仅有90例患者有疫苗接种史,成人有部分免疫空白人群,以及曾经接种过麻疹疫苗,随着年龄增长,抗体滴度逐渐下降,成为了易感人群。易感人群的快速积累,预防性群体补充免疫不到位等可能因素,造成了2015年麻疹疫情出现小高峰。此次调查中检出风疹病毒IgM抗体阳性11例,提示我们在关注麻疹流行期的同时,还应密切注意风疹的流行与监测。结论在儿童中广泛开展麻疹疫苗的接种与强化的同时,对孕前妇女进行麻疹疫苗接种;在注重本区常住成年人免疫接种的同时,应对外来人口加大宣传力度并进行强制免疫接种。快速准确的实验室诊断是控制麻疹病毒传播的重要手段。

Objective To investigate the incidence of measles in Minhang District from 2015 to 2017.Methods The IgM antibody of measles was detected by ELISA.Results Among the 841 patients,600 cases were suspected in 2015,156 cases were suspected in 2016,and 85 cases were suspected in 2017.The characteristics of the disease showed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of male and female patients with measles positive(P>0.05);the incidence rate of measles positive patients was the highest in March to May,the peak of the whole year;the young and the young in the measles positive patients.The positive rate of measles IgM antibody in different age groups was significantly different(P<0.01).At the same time,only 90 patients had vaccination history,some of the adults were immune blank population,and had been vaccinated with measles vaccine.With the increase of age,the antibody titer gradually decreased and became susceptible population.The rapid accumulation of susceptible population and inadequate supplementary immunization of preventive groups caused a small peak of measles epidemic in 2015.In this investigation,11 cases of rubella virus IgM antibody were detected,which suggested that we should pay close attention to the epidemic period of measles,and pay close attention to the epidemic and monitoring of rubella.Conclusion Vaccination and enhancement of measles among children should be accompanied by vaccination of pre-pregnancy women,and the emphasis on immunization of resident adults in the district should be accompanied by increased publicity and compulsory immunization of the foreign population.Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis is an important means to control the spread of measles virus.