沙伊塔诺夫论《安哲鲁》的长篇小说化倾向

Shaitanov’s comment on the novelization tendency of Angelo

俄罗斯学者沙伊塔诺夫通过比较莎士比亚戏剧《一报还一报》与普希金长诗《安哲鲁》展示出莎剧的体裁间性特色,认为普希金将之应用于自己的长诗创作中,使俄罗斯文学出现了长篇小说化的倾向。沙伊塔诺夫的体裁比较分析,有效地揭示了上述两部作品的艺术特色,有助于我们接续思考以下问题:根据巴赫金小说理论,作品是否发生长篇小说化倾向,主要取决于作品有否具有体裁间性特征及其与当下的直接联系,以古代、域外故事为基础的长诗《安哲鲁》以何种方式达成了与当时俄罗斯现实的直接联系?我们认为,普希金时代虽然尚未形成长篇小说概念,但其包括长诗在内的一些作品的长篇小说化倾向很大程度上为1840年代以来俄罗斯长篇小说的繁荣奠定了基础、指明了方向。

The Russian scholar I.O.Shaitanov exposes the inter-genre characteristics in Shakespeare’s play by comparing William Shakespeare’s play Measure for Measure and Aleksandr Pushkin’s long poem Angelo. Shaitanov argues that Pushkin applies inter-genre feature to his long poem creation, ushering in "the birth of Novelization" in Russian literature. Based on the comparison and analysis of genres, Shaitanov effectively reveals the artistic characteristics of the two above-mentioned works. It helps us to further think about the following questions: according to Bakhtin’s novel theory, whether a work has a novelization tendency depends mainly on whether it has inter-genre characteristics and on its direct connections with the then Russian reality;in what ways does the long poem Angelo, which is written on the basis of an ancient, foreign story, connect directly with Russian realities? The paper claims that the concept of novel has not yet come into being in Pushkin’s time, however, the novelization tendency contained in long poems and other works lays the foundation and points out the direction for the prosperity of Russian novels since 1840 s.