全面抗战时期绍兴西方人救济中国难民活动研究(1938-1940)

A Study of the Westerns Aid Chinese Refugee in Shaoxing during Sino-Japanese War(1938-1940)

全面抗战爆发后,绍兴人口迅速增加,大量难民需要赈济。当地西方人成立了"国际救济委员会"展开救济活动,设立了妇孺收容所、难童抚养所、妇女工赈厂、施粥厂等专门性赈济机构,帮助了大批中国难民。战时绍兴的国际难民救济活动不同于上海这样的大都市,其难以通过正式的政治和外交活动进行,需要利用既有的社会组织体系展开活动。与此同时,海外和上海的援助对战时绍兴的难民救济起到了至关重要的作用。全面抗战时期,西方人在中国地方小城市所组织的国际救济活动更加依赖原有的社会组织,其中具有国际性的宗教团体发挥了重要作用。

After the outbreak of Sino-Japanese War,the population of Shaoxing increased rapidly,and a large number of refugees needed relief.Local Westerners set up the"International Relief Committee"to carry out relief activities,and they set up special relief agencies such as women’s and children’s shelters,nursing homes for children in need,women’s labor relief factories and porridge factories,helping a large number of Chinese refugees.During the war,Shaoxing’s international refugee relief activities were different from large cities like Shanghai.It was difficult to conduct formal political and diplomatic activities and needed to use the existing social organization system to carry out activities.At the same time,aid from overseas and Shanghai played a vital role in the relief of refugees in Shaoxing during the war.During the all-out war of resistance,the international relief activities organized by Westerners in small local cities in China relied more on the original social organizations,and international religious groups played an important role.