拜登上台后美国对华科技政策走向研判

Analysis and Assessment on the trend of US policy toward China in science and technology after Biden's Inauguration

在科技政策整体价值取向上,拜登强调大幅增加研发资金投入、放宽科技移民政策、实施严格科技企业监管并注重科技价值观因素。来自美国内强硬派和温和派双方力量的牵制,特朗普打压中国科技企业对美负面效果开始凸显,以及第三方力量因素,都将对拜登上台后美国对华科技政策产生关键影响。综合研判,拜登上台后美对华战略竞争将日益聚焦科技领域,但对华科技政策的核心在于增强美自身竞争优势,不排除在某些科技领域合作可能性,拜登也会突出对华科技竞争中的价值观因素并强调多边对华科技施压。应对拜登上台后中美科技领域的挑战,中国应积极塑造一种竞争合作并存的中美科技关系,理性处理自主创新能力与科技开放合作之间的关系,在提升科技硬实力同时注重提升科技话语权,积极参与全球科技治理。

In terms of the overall value orientation of policy in science and technology,Biden em⁃phasizes increasing investment in research and development,relaxing the policy of science and technology immigration,implementing strict supervision on tech companies,and paying more at⁃tention to the ideological values of science and technology.The balance between hard liners and moderates in the United States,the gradually highlighting negative effect of Trump's suppression of Chinese technology enterprises on the United States,and the third-party power factors will all have key impacts on American policy in science and technology toward China after Biden took office.After Biden took office,the US strategic competition with China will increasingly focus on the field of science and technology.However,the core of the science and technology policy to⁃wards China is to enhance the competitive advantage of the United States and not exclude the possibility of cooperation in some scientific and technological fields.Biden will also highlight the value factors in the scientific and technological competition with China and emphasize multi⁃lateral pressure on China's science and technology.In response to the challenges in the field of science and technology between China and the United States after Biden came to power,China should actively shape a Sino US science and technology relationship with coexistence of competi⁃tion and cooperation,rationally handle the relationship between independent innovation ability and science and technology opening and cooperation,enhance the hard power of science and technology,and pay more attention to enhancing the discourse power of science and technology,and actively participate in global science and technology governance.