四川荥经同心村墓地出土巴蜀符号探析

A Study of Ba-Shu Emblems Discovered at Tongxin Village Cemetery in Yingjing, Sichuan Province

荥经同心村墓地出土366种巴蜀符号,在种类上与四川盆地西部的蜀人区出土巴蜀符号明显具有绝对的共性;同心村部分墓葬共出相同符号的印章或部分相同的符号组合,这些印章符号可能兼具族群性与私人性的特征;同心村墓地内部存在亲缘关系。荥经同心村墓地、南罗坝村墓地、自强村墓地三处墓地之间关系紧密。通过印章符号组合可以发现由荥经、犍为、宜宾、重庆而涪陵的水路与峡江地区的联系更为紧密。荥经同心村遗址是四川盆地西南地区一处平原与山地、巴文化与蜀文化重要的文化交流的节点。

Based on the sorting of 66 types of Ba-Shu emblems discovered on 68 artifacts unearthed from Tongxin Village cemetery, and their comparison with materials from neighboring Ba-Shu cultural cemeteries, this paper analyzed four cases of representative Ba-Shu emblems. The Ba-Shu emblems discovered in Tongxin Village cemetery are numerous and rich in diversity. Tongxin Village Site in Yingjing was an important node in the southwestern part of Sichuan Basin for cultural exchanges between plains and mountains, as well as Ba and Shu cultures. Undoubted similarities were found between the Ba-Shu emblems unearthed in Tongxin Village cemetery and those from the Shu cultural area in western Sichuan Basin. Some burials in Tongxin Village yielded seals with the same emblems or similar combinations of emblems, which possibly reflect both ethnic and private characteristics. There are close relationships among Tongxin Village Cemetery, Nanluoba Village Cemetery and Ziqiang Village Cemetery in Yingjing area. Geographically and culturally speaking, Tongxin Village was a Shu cultural site, however, the same combinations of Ba-Shu emblems on seals from Tongxin Village cemetery and Ba culture burials in Xiajiang area suggest a closer tie among Jingying, Qianwei, Yibin, Chongqing and Fulin, showing a close cultural connection between Yingjing and the Xiajiang area besides western Sichuan Basin. The discovery of unique emblems in Tongxin Village Cemetery indicates its important and distinctive role as a Ba-Shu culture site. Together with the nearby Nanluoba Village Cemetery and Ziqiang Village Cemetery, Tongxin Village Cemetery is worthy of in-depth study by Ba-Shu culture researchers.