城市中电动汽车临时充电站选址和定容模型

Electric Vehicle Temporary Charging Station Location Model and Constant Volume Model in the City

【目的】为城市街道环境下解决拥堵城市道路中的电动汽车临时充电站的选址与每个充电站的充电桩的定容优化问题提供解决方案。【方法】考虑纯电动汽车的警戒行驶里程和城市道路中车辆行驶具有双向性的特点,基于截流选址模型(Flow refueling location model,FRLM)构建电动汽车的充电站选址模型;为使电动汽车等待充电时间最短为优化目标,基于排队论构建了充电桩的定容模型。最后以北京市西城区车公庄大街的水平线道路充电桩设施进行了实例研究。【结果】FRLM仿真结果显示随着电动汽车续航能力的提高,城市主干路上充电桩的个数将会减少,并呈现出了指数衰减的形态;充电桩的定容模型仿真结果显示随着电动汽车保有量的提高,如果不增加电动汽车的等待时间,已有充电站需要进一步扩容,在同等等待时间下电动汽车的车流量和充电桩数量呈现出线性关系。【结论】研究结果对北京市未来城市内电动汽车充电桩的合理网络布局及北京市电动汽车产业发展具有理论指导意义。

[Purposes]It studies the location of temporary charging stations of electric vehicles and the fixed capacity optimization of charging stations in congested roads under the urban street environment.[Methods]The main work is as follows:firstly,considering the two-way driving characteristics of the electric vehicle and the two-way traffic in the urban road,the location model of the electric vehicle charging station is built based on the interception site selection(FRLM)model.[Findings]The simulation results show that with the increase of the electric vehicle’s endurance,the number of charging piles on the main road will decrease,and it will show an exponential decay state.Secondly,in order to minimize the waiting time for charging of electric vehicles,a constant capacity model of charging piles is constructed based on queuing theory.The simulation results show that with the increase of the number of electric vehicles,if the waiting time of electric vehicles is not increased,the existing charging stations need to be further expanded.Under the same waiting time,the flow of electric vehicles and the number of charging piles show a linear relationship.Finally,a case study on the charging pile facilities of the level road of Chegongzhuang Street in Xicheng District,Beijing is carried out here.[Conclusions]This article has obtained a reasonable network layout of electric vehicle charging piles in the future city of Beijing,which has theoretical guiding significance for the development of its electric vehicle industry.