基于地理标记照片的游客流动网络结构特征及其流动模式——以扬子江城市群为例

Tourist Flow Network Structure Characteristics and Its Flow Pattern Based on Geo-Tagged Photos:Taking the Yangtze River City Group as An Example

流动性不仅表征了旅游地域系统要素的内在关系,亦是旅游复杂网络关系变化原始动力的核心表达。该文基于Flickr地理标记照片数据,综合运用社会网络分析、GIS空间分析及马尔科夫转移概率模型等方法,以扬子江城市群为例进行实证,探讨了城市群游客流动的网络结构特征,揭示了游客流动的内在规律,尝试性地构建了城市群内部游客流动的典型模式。结果表明:(1)流动网络整体结构紧密程度较低,不均衡特征明显,"核心-边缘"结构特征突出;(2)网络节点的程度中心性、中间中心性差异显著,核心节点结构优势突显,集聚和辐射能力强;接近中心性差距不大,城市群内部可进入性较高,节点间互为客源地与目的地;(3)单节点轨迹模式占比较小,多节点轨迹模式中"A-A"、"A-B"、"B-A"、"A-C"类2~3节点路径、"A-B-A"类3~4节点路径构成扬子江城市群游客流动的主要模式,空间流动轨迹表现为高级别节点间直线式流动、高级别节点与次级节点间单向链式流动或往返式特征。

Mobility not only represents the intrinsic relationship of the elements of the tourism regional system,but also the core expression of the original dynamics of the change of tourism complex network relationship.Based on Flickr Geo-tagged photos,applied multiple analytical methods including social network,GIS as well as Markov transition probability,this paper took the Yangtze River City Group as an example to discuss the network structure characteristics and reveal the internal discipline of urban group tourists flow,attempted to construct a typical model of tourists’flow within urban group.the results showed that:(1)The overall structure of tourism network was low and the imbalance was obvious.The core-periphery structure was clear.(2)The degree of Centrality and Freeman Betweenness of the network nodes were significantly different,the core nodes had outstanding structural advantages,as well as strong agglomeration and radiation capability;The gap of closeness centrality was small,and the accessibility of the urban group was relatively high,nodes were mutual market sources and destinations.(3)The percentage of single node trajectory mode was relatively small,the"A-A","A-B","B-A","A-C"class including 2-3 node paths and"A-B-A"class including 3-4 node paths in the multi-nodes trajectory mode constituted the overall tourism flow framework of the Yangtze River City Group.The flow trajectory was characterized by linear flow among high-level nodes,one-way chain flow or reciprocating activities between high-level nodes and sub-level nodes.