论范增政治策略

On Fan Zeng’s Political Strategy

楚汉相争时,范增政治策略设计直接影响战争的走向。其设计政治策略的基础是“从民望”。他的“楚虽三户、亡秦必楚”政治口号和“立怀王孙心”的政治策略,加速了秦朝的灭亡。范增反对自立为王,要立楚后代为王,建立大一统的楚国。范增考察刘邦前后的政治行为,用“望气”策略,认定刘邦是夺项羽天下的政敌。有鉴于此,范增采用多种策略,必置刘邦死而后快;然而项羽违背其政治策略和政治意图,以致失败。范增与项羽的政治分歧和性格的差异是其主要原因。范增想建立楚国大一统的政治理想未能实现,忠而被疑,以致郁郁病死。

During the Chu-Han war,Fan Zeng’s political strategy directly influenced the trend of the war.Its political strategy is designed on the basis of“conforming to the public opinion”.His political slogan“Three families of Chu can destroy the Qin dy⁃nasty”and his political strategy of“Supporting Xiong Xin of King Huai’s grandson”accelerated the demise of the Qin Dynasty.Fan Zeng opposed the idea of self-rule.He wanted Chu’s descendants to be the king and a unified Chu.Fan Zeng examined Emperor Gaozu’s political ideas before and after,and made the presumption,determined that Emperor Gaozu of Han was the enemy of Xiang Yu.For this reason,Fan Zeng employed a variety of tactics to kill Emperor Gaozu of Han but Xiang Yu who went against his politi⁃cal strategy and intentions failed.Political differences and personality differences between Fan Zeng and Xiang Yu are the main rea⁃sons for this.When Fan Zeng’s political dream of a unified Chu failed,his loyalty was questioned and he died.