假释“再犯罪危险性”条件的证明机制——基于假释适用的实证考察

The Proof Mechanism of Parole's"Risk of Reoffending"Condition:An Empirical Study Based on the Application of Parole

假释制度是附条件提前释放的一项刑罚执行变更制度。提高假释适用率是世界各国刑罚执行制度发展的必然趋势。对现行《刑法》关于假释适用条件中“没有再犯罪的危险”的合理理解与认定,是正确执行假释制度的关键所在,也是影响假释适用率的重要因素。从立法层面上看,假释“再犯罪危险性”标准的认定过于含混不清,造成司法机关在审理假释案件时过于谨慎,从而使假释的适用率一直处于低位徘徊水平。通过对假释“再犯罪危险性”的条文进行理论解读,发现假释“再犯罪危险性”可以从报应刑因素、预防刑因素和社区可控性因素等层面进行司法认定,并引入量化证明方法,确定假释“再犯罪危险性”的危险区别系数,并参照风险位阶表,得出是否准予假释的意见,实现假释适用条件的相对标准化与客观化。

The parole system as a conditional early release of a penal execution change system to improve the parole application rate is the inevitable trend of the development of penal execution system in the world.The understanding and identification of"no risk of reoffending"in the applicable conditions of parole in the current"Criminal Law"is the key to correctly understand and grasp the parole system,and is also an important factor affecting the applicable rate of parole.From the perspective of legislation,the identification of the criteria of parole's"risk of reoffending"is too vague,causing the judicial authorities to be too cautious in the trial of parole cases,so that the application rate of parole has been at a low level.Through the theoretical interpretation of the provisions of parole"risk of reoffending",we can find that parole"risk of reoffending"can be identified from the aspects of retribution,prevention and community controllable factors.The quantitative proof method is introduced to determine the risk difference coefficient of parole"risk of reoffending",and the opinions on whether to grant parole are obtained by referring to the risk level table,so as to realize the relative standardization and objectification of the applicable conditions of parole.