医疗知情同意权的合理配置

Rational Allocation of Medical Informed Consent Rights

医疗知情同意权是患者物质性人格权(生命权、身体权、健康权)的核心权能之一,相关法律、法规和行政规章对此进行了规定,但在权利配置上存在冲突。在一般医疗活动中,较之部分医疗行政管理规范确立的“并列同意模式”,《侵权责任法》确立的“补充同意模式”在逻辑上更加清晰,更能平衡患者与家属的利益,也符合司法实践趋势;在特殊情形下,例如终止妊娠和实施节育手术、人体器官移植、医疗试验、保护型医疗等医疗活动中,则需要根据特殊情形对配置模式作出相应调整。故医疗知情同意权的合理配置体系应是“一个原则+若干例外”。

Informed consent right of medical treatment is one of the core rights of patients'material personality rights(right of life,right of body,right of health).It is stipulated by relevant laws,regulations and administrative rules,but there are conflicts in the allocation of the righs.In the general medical activities,compared with the"coordinate consent model"established by some medical administrative regulations,the"supplementary consent model"adopted by the Tort Law is more logically clear and can balance the interests of both the patients and their families,which is also the mainstream trend of judicial practice.Under special circumstances such as the termination of pregnancy and the implementation of birth control surgery,human organ transplantation,medical tests and protective medical treatment,the configuration mode should be adjusted accordingly.Therefore,the rational allocation system of medical informed consent should be"one principle plus several exceptions".