兰溪市赤溪区520例农村女性妇科疾病影响因素研究

Prevalence of gynecological diseases and its influencing factors among 520 women from rural areas of Chixi District of Lanxi

目的探讨兰溪市赤溪区农村妇科疾病患病与影响因素,并以此提出合理的防治对策。方法采用随机抽样法对兰溪市赤溪区农村地区520例女性进行调查,抽查对象年龄<50岁,以现场问卷调查和实验室检查等了解妇科患病情况,并分析相关影响因素。结果调查显示,520例农村妇女人群中,妇科患病者为240例(46.15%),其中阴道炎、宫颈炎及盆腔炎位列前三位。520例被调查女性中认为有必要开展妇科疾病普查者有480例(92.31%),近3年内定期进行妇科检查者422例(81.15%),宫颈涂片者380例(73.08%),曾经流产者200例(38.46%)。主动获取保健知识者34例(6.54%),被动获取者149例(28.65%),从未获取者337例(64.81%);其中获取途径位列前三者分别为报刊与书籍和网络、电视、亲友。人工流产、文化程度低、不主动获取保健知识及不定期妇科检查是农村妇女发生妇科疾病的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论兰溪市赤溪区农村女性妇科疾病发病率较高,主要受文化程度、人工流产、不主动获取保健知识、不定期妇科检查的影响,所以要加强对农村妇女的健康宣教,提高农村妇女人群对妇科疾病的认识,让其重视妇检的重要性,从而有效预防妇科疾病发生。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of gynecological diseases among women in rural areas of Chixi District of Lanxi City, and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods A random sampling method was used to recruit 520 women aged younger than 50 years in rural areas of Chixi District, Lanxi City.An on-site questionnaire survey and laboratory tests were performed to understand the prevalence of gynecological diseases among study participants and related influencing factors were analyzed. Results The overall prevalence of gynecological diseases among 520 women was 46.15%.Vaginitis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory diseases were found to be the top three.Of 520 women surveyed, 480(92.31%) agreed with the necessity of conducting a gynecological disease survey;422(81.15%) had annual gynecological check up in the past 3 years, 380(73.08%) received cervical smear test, 200(38.46%) had history of abortion.Only 34 participants(6.54%) actively seek for health knowledge, 149(28.65%) passively acquired the knowledge, while 337(64.81%) never had the knowledge.Newspaper, book and network, television.friends and relatives were top three major ways by which women acquired health knowledge.Abortion, low education level, not actively seeking health knowledge and irregular gynecological examination were major influencing factors for gynecological diseases in rural women(P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of gynecological diseases among women in rural areas of Chixi District of Lanxi City is high, which can be affected by education level, induced abortion, insufficient health care knowledge and irregular gynaecological examination.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the health education among rural women and improve their health care related knowledge in order to prevent gynecological diseases.